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Karaoke · A Japanese invention that became, thirty years later, the loudest sound in a Vietnamese alley

Karaoke

Walk through almost any residential lane in Ho Chi Minh City on a Saturday evening and, sooner or later, you'll hear it: a wheeled speaker, a microphone passed from hand to hand, a chorus of neighbors who are not, strictly speaking, professional singers. This is the fifth page in our series on Saigon's passions — and the one most likely to divide the very people who live next door to it.

From a Kobe bar to a Bình Chánh backyard

Karaoke's path from a Japanese musician's side project to a fixture of Vietnamese family life took barely two decades — and along the way it split into a form few of its Japanese inventors would recognize.

1969

In Kobe, Japan, musician Daisuke Inoue performs what he later describes as his first "karaoke" song — backing tracks meant to let ordinary bar patrons sing along without a live band.

1971

Inoue's karaoke machine reaches the commercial market. Famously, he never patented the invention, later joking that he simply hadn't imagined anyone beyond his own circle of friends would want to use it.

Early 1990s

Karaoke arrives in Vietnam during the Đổi Mới opening period, as trade and cultural ties with Japan strengthen. It first appears in upscale hotels and restaurants catering to tourists and foreign visitors, an expensive novelty rather than a mass pastime.

Mid-1990s

State broadcaster VTV airs midday programs on its VTV3 channel specifically to teach viewers how to sing karaoke, drawing heavily on Western pop songs — an unlikely but effective way of normalizing the format for a national audience.

Before 2010

On the streets of Saigon and the Mekong Delta provinces, itinerant vendors selling kẹo kéo (pulled taffy candy) begin wheeling makeshift speaker rigs to drinking spots, using music to draw customers; see The wheeled speaker that changed everything, below.

2011–2016

Cheap Chinese-manufactured amplified speakers with Bluetooth connectivity flood the market, and the "loa kẹo kéo" — named for the candy vendors who popularized the format — becomes a fixture of family parties, weddings and neighborhood drinking sessions across the country.

6 September 2022

A fire at the An Phú karaoke bar in Bình Dương province, just outside Ho Chi Minh City, kills 32 people after an electrical short circuit; the tragedy prompts the Prime Minister to order a nationwide safety review of every commercial karaoke venue in the country.

2025

The government issues Decree 282/2025/NĐ-CP, tightening noise regulations specifically aimed at amplified home and street karaoke — legal experts are quick to clarify that the decree penalizes excessive noise, not the act of singing itself, a distinction that becomes a genuine point of public debate.

Three faces of the same microphone

"Karaoke" in Vietnam doesn't describe one activity — it describes at least three, each with its own etiquette, its own soundtrack, and its own relationship to the neighbors.

Karaoke gia đình và bạn bè

The private room

Rented by the hour in a commercial karaoke box, this version comes with a song-selection touchscreen, a scoring feature that grades every performance, and a room usually booked for a birthday, a company outing or a reunion of old classmates — soundproofed, at least in theory, from everyone outside the door.

Loa kẹo kéo tại gia

The alley and the backyard

No booking, no walls, no scoring screen — just a wheeled speaker, a wireless microphone, a few beers, and whichever neighbors feel like joining in. This is the version most likely to end up in a news story, for reasons described in The night the singing stopped, below.

Karaoke lễ hội và đám tiệc

The wedding and the festival stage

At weddings, death anniversaries, Tết gatherings and neighborhood festivals, karaoke sets up as informal live entertainment — sometimes on a genuine stage with rented sound equipment, sometimes just the same wheeled speaker pressed into service for a bigger crowd.

The wheeled speaker that changed everything

Before it had a name, the loa kẹo kéo was simply a tool of the trade: street vendors selling kẹo kéo — a chewy pulled candy — and cotton candy wheeled a small speaker cart from drinking spot to drinking spot, using recorded music to catch the attention of customers who might otherwise walk past. The candy came and went, but the wheeled speaker stuck around, evolving from a vendor's marketing gimmick into a cheap, portable karaoke rig in its own right.

The real transformation came between 2011 and 2016, when Chinese manufacturers began mass-producing affordable, high-powered speaker units with built-in amplifiers and Bluetooth connectivity — no longer tethered to a wired microphone or a fixed sound system, a single unit could be wheeled into any alley, backyard or rice-paddy dyke and produce a volume once reserved for actual concert venues. What had been a humble sales tool became, almost by accident, the single most disruptive piece of consumer electronics in Vietnamese neighborhood life — cheap enough for nearly any household to own, loud enough to be heard blocks away, and portable enough that no landlord, wall or property line could really contain it.

Places to discover

Trần Hưng Đạo karaoke strip

Trần Hưng Đạo street, District 5

A single stretch of this Chợ Lớn thoroughfare is lined with dozens of competing commercial karaoke venues, from budget-friendly rooms charging by the hour to elaborately themed suites with mirrored walls and hotel-grade sound systems — a genuine concentration of the industry's commercial side, open into the early hours of the morning.

Any residential alley, Saturday evening

Ho Chi Minh City's residential districts and outer suburbs, especially Bình Chánh, Hóc Môn and Củ Chi

Less a fixed address than a recurring weekend event, the informal loa kẹo kéo gathering is arguably the most genuinely widespread version of this whole passion — a folding table, a few plastic stools, a rented or borrowed speaker, and whichever neighbors want to take the microphone, set up on almost any street corner or open patch of ground once the sun goes down.

The night the singing stopped

A fire that changed an entire industry

On the evening of 6 September 2022, a fire broke out at the An Phú karaoke bar in Thuận An city, Bình Dương province, on the northern edge of Greater Ho Chi Minh City. Investigators later traced the blaze to an electrical short circuit; the venue held valid fire-safety paperwork and had been inspected multiple times in the preceding years, yet 32 people died, many of them trapped behind doors that had been bolted shut from the inside. The scale of the tragedy prompted an immediate response from the Prime Minister's office, ordering every province in the country to inspect commercial karaoke venues for fire-safety compliance; within days, authorities in Bình Dương alone had suspended eight venues and issued fines exceeding 900 million đồng across the businesses they reviewed. The fire remains the reference point for every subsequent conversation about karaoke safety regulation in Vietnam — a single night that reshaped how an entire, enormously popular industry is licensed and inspected.

A quieter, ongoing argument about noise

Far more common than fire, and in its own way just as socially disruptive, is the friction between a household's right to sing and a neighborhood's right to sleep. Vietnamese news coverage has documented repeated cases of arguments over loa kẹo kéo noise escalating into violence, occasionally fatal, almost always beginning the same way: one household's Saturday-night celebration becomes another household's sleepless ordeal, a polite request to lower the volume goes unheeded or is taken as an insult, and what began as a disagreement over decibels ends in a criminal case. The 2025 noise decree was written directly in response to this pattern — its authors were careful to specify that the law targets excessive noise, not singing itself, precisely because so much of the public reaction to earlier crackdown rumors assumed karaoke was being banned outright rather than simply asked to turn down.

Four things every session needs

The song book (or the touchscreen)

Essential

Commercial karaoke boxes and home systems alike

Whether it's a printed catalogue with numbered songs or a modern touchscreen menu, choosing what to sing next — and who gets to choose it — is half the social ritual of any session.

The scoring screen

Optional, but rarely skipped

Commercial karaoke boxes

A pitch-tracking score out of 100 that appears after nearly every song in a rented room, taken by some groups with total seriousness and by others as pure comic relief.

Practical info

Commercial karaoke rooms along Trần Hưng Đạo and throughout the city typically charge by the hour, with rates rising sharply in the evening and on weekends; most venues stay open well past midnight.

If staying in a residential guesthouse or homestay, be aware that a nearby loa kẹo kéo session on a weekend evening is a genuine possibility rather than a rare novelty — earplugs are a practical addition to any packing list for a longer stay.

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